Interpreting - conversion of a spoken message from one language to another; includes facilitation of communication between two people who do not speak the same language. Often occurs in-person but can also occur over the phone; involves more than just word-for-word conversions

Translating - conversion of a written message from one language to another; involves more than just word-for-word conversions; translators must have a firm grasp of idioms, slang terms, and context in order to convey meaning and overall messages accurately

ELL (English Language Learner) - typically refers to a person living in the United States who has moved from another country, speaks a language other than English, and is making an effort to learn English

ESL (English as a Second Language) - typically refers to classes designed to teach English Language Learners English after they have moved to the United States; ‘ESL’ is also used as a slang term for an English Language Learner

Title VI - Part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 - states that no one can be discriminated against as a result of their race, color, or country of origin; programs that receive federal funding are mandated to provide language services at no cost to their clients/customers

Cultural Competence - refers to the ability to interact effectively with people from different cultures; implies an understanding of one’s own culture, different cultures, and an overall openness to interacting with and understanding people from other cultures

Cultural Diversity - the state of having people of many different cultures, races, ethnic backgrounds in one place; community or workplace might be referred to as “culturally diverse.”